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【Seracare產(chǎn)品介紹】

編號	英文名稱	中文名稱
JL-FA-01	Amebiasis (AME)	阿米巴病
JL-FA-02	Allergens, Rast scores	過敏原，放射性過敏原吸收實(shí)驗。指對特定的人群引起免疫反應(yīng)或者過敏反應(yīng)的食品中的蛋白質(zhì)
JL-FA-03	Allergens, Rast scores negative	過敏原，放射性過敏原吸收實(shí)驗陰性
JL-FA-04	Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Antibody (CCP) Arthritis	抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體
JL-FA-05	ASCA Saccharomyces Cerevi	人抗釀酒酵母抗體（ASCA）
JL-FA-06	Aspergillis	麴菌病
JL-FA-07	Beta 2 Glycoprotein	β2糖蛋白
JL-FA-08	Beta 2 Glycoprotein IgM	β2糖蛋白 IGM
JL-FA-09	Bordela Pertussis	百日咳桿菌
JL-FA-10	Bordela Pertussis IgM	百日咳桿菌 IGM
JL-FA-11	C-ANCA	C-抗中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿抗體（ANCA)
JL-FA-12	Cardiolipin	心肌磷脂
JL-FA-13	Cardiolipin IgA	心肌磷脂 IGA
JL-FA-14	Cardiolipin IgG	心肌磷脂 IGG
JL-FA-15	Cardiolipin IgM	心肌磷脂 IGM
JL-FA-16	Cerebral Spinal Fluid	腦脊髓液
JL-FA-17	Chagas	恰加斯病/南美錐蟲
JL-FA-18	Chlamydia	衣原體
JL-FA-19	Chlamydia IgA	衣原體IGA
JL-FA-20	Chlamydia IgG	衣原體IGG
JL-FA-21	Chlamydia IgM	衣原體IGM
JL-FA-22	Chlamydia Neg	衣原體陰性
JL-FA-23	Clotting Factor C3	凝固因子C3
JL-FA-24	Clotting Factor C4	凝固因子C4
JL-FA-25	Coccidiodes	球孢菌
JL-FA-26	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Neg	巨細(xì)胞病毒抗體陰性
JL-FA-27	CMV IgG	巨細(xì)胞病毒 IGG陽性
JL-FA-28	CMV IgM VCA	巨細(xì)胞病毒 IGM 陽性
JL-FA-29	C-Reactive Protein (CRP)	C-反應(yīng)蛋白質(zhì)
JL-FA-30	Dengue Fever	登革熱
JL-FA-31	Dengue Fever IgM	登革熱 IGM
JL-FA-32	DS (Double Stranded) DNA	雙鏈脫氧核糖核酸
JL-FA-33	EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgG	EB病毒核抗原 IGG
JL-FA-34	EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgM	EB病毒核抗原 IGM
JL-FA-35	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Negative Plasma	EB病毒陰性血漿
JL-FA-36	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgM	EB病毒早期抗原 IGM
JL-FA-37	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) VCA IgM	EB病毒殼蛋白 IGM
JL-FA-38	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgG	EB病毒早期抗原 IGG
JL-FA-39	EMA (Endomysial Antibodies)	肌內(nèi)膜
JL-FA-40	Gliadin	麩蛋白,麥醇溶蛋白,麥膠蛋白
JL-FA-41	Gliadin IgG	麥醇溶蛋白 IGG
JL-FA-42	Gliadin IgA	麥醇溶蛋白 IGA
JL-FA-43	Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBMA)	腎小球基底膜病
JL-FA-44	Helicobacter pylori IgA	幽門螺旋桿菌IGA
JL-FA-45	Helicobacter pylori IgG	幽門螺旋桿菌IGG
JL-FA-46	Helicobacter pylori IgM	幽門螺旋桿菌IGM
JL-FA-47	Helicobacter pylori Negative	幽門螺旋桿菌陰性
JL-FA-48	Helicobacter pylori Positive Plasma	幽門螺旋桿菌陰性血漿
JL-FA-49	Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Pos. Plasma	甲型肝炎病毒陽性血漿
JL-FA-50	Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM	甲型肝炎病毒IGM
JL-FA-51	Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgG	乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGG
JL-FA-52	Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgM	乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGM
JL-FA-53	Anti Hbe (Antibody to HBV antigen)	乙肝抗體
JL-FA-54	Hepatitis Delta Virus	丁型肝炎病毒
JL-FA-55	HBeAg (HBV e antigen)	乙肝 E抗原
JL-FA-56	anti-HBs (HBV surface antibody)	乙肝表面抗體
JL-FA-57	Hepatitis B (HBsAg) "Chronic"	乙型肝炎（乙肝表面抗原）“慢性病
JL-FA-58	HBsAg (HBV surface antigen) Serum	乙肝表面抗原血清
JL-FA-59	HBsAg (AD)	乙肝表面抗原（AD）
JL-FA-60	HBsAg (AY)	乙肝表面抗原（AY）
JL-FA-61	HBV Positive Plasma	乙肝陽性血漿
JL-FA-62	HBV DNA Plasma	乙肝DNA血漿
JL-FA-63	HBV DNA Serum	乙肝DNA血清
JL-FA-64	HBV DNA type A	A型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-65	HBV DNA type B	B型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-66	HBV DNA type C	C型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-67	HBV DNA type D	D型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-68	HBV DNA type E	E型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-69	HBV DNA type F	F型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-70	HBV Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma CO-INFECTED	乙肝和丙肝聯(lián)合感染血漿
JL-FA-71	HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) Antibody	丙型肝炎抗體
JL-FA-72	HCV Core Antigen Positive	丙肝核心抗原陽性
JL-FA-73	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 1	基因1型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-74	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 2	基因2型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-75	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 3	基因3型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-76	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 4	基因4型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-77	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 5	基因5型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-78	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 6	基因6型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-79	HCV Riba single band	丙肝免疫印跡單波段
JL-FA-80	HCV RIBA Pos. (multiple bands)	丙肝免疫印跡陽性多波段
JL-FA-81	HCV Negative	丙肝陰性
JL-FA-82	HCV RNA Pos (quantitative)	丙肝RNA陽性（定量）
JL-FA-83	Hepatitis E	戊型肝炎
JL-FA-84	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)1/2 Positive Plasma	單純性皰疹病毒1/2陽性血漿
JL-FA-85	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 Negative Plasma	單純性皰疹病毒1 陰性血漿
JL-FA-86	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 IgG	單純性皰疹病毒1 IGG
JL-FA-87	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV 1) IgM	單純性皰疹病毒1 IGM
JL-FA-88	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgG	單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG
JL-FA-89	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgM	單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG
JL-FA-90	Histone	組蛋白
JL-FA-91	Human Anti Mouse Ab (HAMA)	人抗鼠抗體
JL-FA-92	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Neg	HIV I 陰性
JL-FA-93	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Plasma	抗HIV I 血漿
JL-FA-94	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Serum	抗HIV I 血清
JL-FA-95	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Western Blot Tested	抗HIV 2 免疫印跡
JL-FA-96	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1/2 2 HIV (+)	抗HIV 1/2 2 HIV陽性
JL-FA-97	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ag	HIV抗原
JL-FA-98	HIV RNA (quantitative) Plasma	HIV RNA 定量血漿
JL-FA-99	HIV RNA (quantitative) Serum	HIV RNA 定量血清
JL-FA-100	HIV1 Subtype A	HIV1 亞型A
JL-FA-101	HIV1 Subtype B	HIV1 亞型B
JL-FA-102	HIV1 Subtype C	HIV1 亞型C
JL-FA-103	HIV1 Subtype D	HIV1 亞型D
JL-FA-104	HIV1 Subtype E	HIV1 亞型E
JL-FA-105	HIV1 Subtype F	HIV1 亞型F
JL-FA-106	HIV1 Subtype G	HIV1 亞型G
JL-FA-107	HIV1 Subtype H	HIV1 亞型H
JL-FA-108	HIV1 Subtype J	HIV1 亞型J
JL-FA-109	HIV1 Subtype K	HIV1 亞型K
JL-FA-110	HIV1 Group O	HIV1 亞型O
JL-FA-111	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Plasma	HIV 2 抗體血漿
JL-FA-112	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Serum	HIV 2 抗體血清
JL-FA-113	HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Negative	人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陰性
JL-FA-114	HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Positive	人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陽性
JL-FA-115	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma COINFECTED	HIV 抗體 HCV
JL-FA-116	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I/II	人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) I/II
JL-FA-117	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I	人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) I
JL-FA-118	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) II	人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) II
JL-FA-119	Jo-1	多發(fā)性肌炎抗原JO-1
JL-FA-120	IgE < 5,000 Ku/L	IgE < 5,000 Ku/L
JL-FA-121	Legionella	軍團(tuán)桿菌屬
JL-FA-122	Leptospira	軍團(tuán)桿菌屬
JL-FA-123	Lyme Disease	萊姆(氏)病:蜱傳播的全身性疾病,常在夏季發(fā)生
JL-FA-124	Lyme IgG	萊姆(氏)病 IGG
JL-FA-125	Lyme IgM	萊姆(氏)病 IGM
JL-FA-126	Lyme Disease Neg	萊姆(氏)病陰性
JL-FA-127	Malaria	瘧疾
JL-FA-128	Mononucleosis (infectious)	單核細(xì)胞增多癥（有傳染性的）
JL-FA-129	Mononucleosis Negative	單核細(xì)胞增多癥陰性
JL-FA-130	Measles Negative	麻疹陰性
JL-FA-131	Measles IgG	麻疹 IGG
JL-FA-132	Measles IgM	麻疹 IGM
JL-FA-133	Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Positive Plasma Standard Titer (typically 1,000-3,000 IU/mL)	微粒體抗甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體
JL-FA-134	Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Negative Plasma	微粒體抗甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體
JL-FA-135	Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)	抗線粒體抗體
JL-FA-136	Multiple Sclerosis	多發(fā)性硬化癥
JL-FA-137	Mumps IgG	流行性腮腺炎 IGG
JL-FA-138	Mumps Ab IgM	流行性腮腺炎抗體 IGM
JL-FA-139	Mumps Antibody Negative Plasma	流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血漿
JL-FA-140	Mumps Antibody Negative Serum	流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血清
JL-FA-141	Myeloma Plasma	骨髓瘤血漿
JL-FA-142	Myeloma IgA	骨髓瘤IGA
JL-FA-143	Myeloma IgE	骨髓瘤IGE
JL-FA-144	Myeloma IgG	骨髓瘤IGG
JL-FA-145	Myeloma IgM	骨髓瘤IGM
JL-FA-146	Mycoplasma	支原體
JL-FA-147	Mycoplasma Negative	支原體陰性
JL-FA-148	Mycoplasma IgG	支原體IGG
JL-FA-149	Mycoplasma IgM	支原體IGM
JL-FA-150	Mycoplasma PCR	支原體PCR
JL-FA-151	Normal Human Plasma	正常人血漿
JL-FA-152	Normal Human Serum	正常人血清
JL-FA-153	Nuclear Antibody Centromere	核抗體著絲粒
JL-FA-154	Nuclear Antibody, Speckled ANA	核抗體，斑點(diǎn)抗核抗體
JL-FA-155	Nuclear Antibody, Nucleolar ANA	核抗體,核仁抗核抗體
JL-FA-156	Nuclear Antibody, Homogeneous ANA	核抗體，同質(zhì)抗核抗體
JL-FA-157	Nuclear Antiobody, Speckled. (ANA) Negative	核抗體，斑點(diǎn)。抗核抗體陰性
JL-FA-158	P-ANCA (associated neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)	相關(guān)的嗜中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿抗體
JL-FA-159	Parietal Cell Antibody (PCA)	胃)壁細(xì)胞抗體
JL-FA-160	Parvo positive plasma	細(xì)小病毒陽性血漿
JL-FA-161	Parvo IgM	細(xì)小病毒 IGM
JL-FA-162	Parvo IgG	細(xì)小病毒 IGG
JL-FA-163	Parvo Negative Plasma	細(xì)小病毒陰性血漿
JL-FA-164	Parvo DNA positive	細(xì)小病毒 DNA 陽性
JL-FA-165	Phospholipid Positive Plasma	磷脂陽性血漿
JL-FA-166	Prothrombin	凝血酶原,凝血因子
JL-FA-167	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) <1000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子<1000 IU/mL
JL-FA-168	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 1001-2000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子1001-2000 IU/mL
JL-FA-169	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 2001-4000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子 2001-4000 IU/mL
JL-FA-170	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 4001-5000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子 4001-5000 IU/mL
JL-FA-171	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) >5000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子>5000 IU/mL
JL-FA-172	Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Positive	核糖核蛋白陽性
JL-FA-173	Rubella Chimeric	風(fēng)疹
JL-FA-174	Rubella Negative	風(fēng)疹陰性
JL-FA-175	Rubella IgG	風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GG
JL-FA-176	Rubella IgM	風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GM
JL-FA-177	Rubeola Negative Plasma	風(fēng)疹陰性血漿
JL-FA-178	Rubeola IgG	風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GG
JL-FA-179	Scleroderma (Scl-70) Pos	膠原沉著病,硬皮病,硬皮癥陽性
JL-FA-180	Scleroderma (Scl-70) Negative	硬皮病陰性
JL-FA-181	Sickle Cell Fresh Whole Blood	鐮刀形紅細(xì)胞新鮮全血
JL-FA-182	Smith (SM)	抗Smith抗體陽性血清（SLE的特征性抗體）
JL-FA-183	SMITH RNP	抗RNP抗體陽性血清（SLE的特征性抗體）
JL-FA-184	Smooth Muscle (ASMA)	抗平滑肌抗體陽性血清
JL-FA-185	Sjogren syndrome antigen A (SSA) Positive	舍格倫綜合征或干燥綜合征抗原A 陽性
JL-FA-186	Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Positive	舍格倫綜合征抗原B 陽性
JL-FA-187	Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Negative	舍格倫綜合征抗原B陰性
JL-FA-188	Streptolysin O Ab (ASO)	鏈球菌溶血素O抗體
JL-FA-189	Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Positive Plasma	梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應(yīng)）陽性血漿
JL-FA-190	Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Negative Plasma	梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應(yīng)）陰性血漿
JL-FA-191	Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgG	梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGG
JL-FA-192	Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgM	梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGM
JL-FA-193	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Positive	全身性紅斑狼瘡陽性
JL-FA-194	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Negative	全身性紅斑狼瘡陰性
JL-FA-195	TG/TPO Positive (Standard Titer 1,000 - 3000 IU/mL)	甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過氧化物酶陽性
JL-FA-196	TG/TPO Negative	甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過氧化物酶陰性
JL-FA-197	TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase)	組織轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶
JL-FA-198	TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) IgA	組織轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶 IGA
JL-FA-199	ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Positive	優(yōu)生優(yōu)育（弓形蟲，風(fēng)疹，巨細(xì)胞，單胞）陽性
JL-FA-200	ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Negative	優(yōu)生優(yōu)育（弓形蟲，風(fēng)疹，巨細(xì)胞，單胞）陰性
JL-FA-201	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo)	弓形蟲病
JL-FA-202	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgG	弓形蟲病IGG
JL-FA-203	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgM	弓形蟲病IGM
JL-FA-204	Thyroglobulin (TG) Positive Plasma	甲狀腺球蛋白陽性血漿
JL-FA-205	Thyroglobulin (TG) Negative	甲狀腺球蛋白陰性
JL-FA-206	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Negative	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒陰性
JL-FA-207	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGG
JL-FA-208	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgM	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGM
JL-FA-209	West Nile Virus (WNV)	西尼羅河腦炎病毒
JL-FA-210	West Nile Virus (WNV) IgM	西尼羅河腦炎病毒IGM

美國

干擾素偽裝免疫細(xì)胞
免疫生物學(xué)教授Annette Oxenius的研究小組現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)，是什么阻止nk細(xì)胞殺死免疫系統(tǒng)的“來自于其他部門的同事”：健康CD8 +T細(xì)胞能夠檢測免疫信使物質(zhì)1型干擾素，1型干擾素通過與這些免疫細(xì)胞的特定表面受體結(jié)合，從而隱藏它們的應(yīng)激。換句話說，1型干擾素作為一種偽裝斗篷使得免疫細(xì)胞不被NK細(xì)胞看見。如果T細(xì)胞缺乏1型干擾素的停泊位點(diǎn)，那么它們就會被NK細(xì)胞追殺直至滅絕。
使用感染兩種模型病毒的小鼠，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果動物的CD8 +t細(xì)胞缺乏這些干擾素的受體，不僅NK細(xì)胞消除感染病毒的細(xì)胞，而且免疫細(xì)胞也被認(rèn)為采取了行動，從而削弱了抗病毒的免疫反應(yīng)。
訓(xùn)練有素的細(xì)胞死亡信號
研究人員使用CD8 + T細(xì)胞沒有任何1型干擾素受體的小鼠探索工作機(jī)制是如何運(yùn)作的，以及缺乏1型干擾素的CD8 + T細(xì)胞是如何耗盡NK細(xì)胞的。如果沒有自然殺手的存在，盡管缺乏干擾素檢測，但T細(xì)胞依然會增多，成熟和發(fā)育。此外，瑞士蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的免疫生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些無需傳感器的T細(xì)胞逐漸形成其表面的“識別標(biāo)簽”，一旦與NK細(xì)胞接觸，就會引發(fā)NK細(xì)胞的殺傷作用。因此，這些“應(yīng)激標(biāo)簽”的表達(dá)通過干擾素結(jié)合以及通過T細(xì)胞上的干擾素受體發(fā)出信號被抑制。如果由于受體的缺乏而阻止了信號的傳輸，那么細(xì)胞會大量表達(dá)這些應(yīng)激分子。
自身免疫性疾病的機(jī)制?
到目前為止，尚不清楚人類是否具有相同的機(jī)制。然而，人類免疫系統(tǒng)用來保護(hù)T細(xì)胞避免NK細(xì)胞攻擊的基本過程很可能是類似的。在一方面，研究人員現(xiàn)在揭示應(yīng)激T細(xì)胞需要保護(hù)自己免受NK細(xì)胞攻擊的機(jī)制。另一方面，這項發(fā)現(xiàn)形成了新的假設(shè)。例如，可以想到的是，缺乏干擾素受體的T細(xì)胞活化顯示出它們?yōu)?ldquo;應(yīng)激的”，并因此殺死了。自身免疫反應(yīng)性T細(xì)胞的活化過程中可能會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況，例如，它通常發(fā)生在不存在高濃度的1型干擾素。Oxenius和她的團(tuán)隊有很濃厚的興趣將在未來幾年內(nèi)測試這些令人興奮的假設(shè)。
加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠使動物細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生核糖體的化學(xué)系統(tǒng)中的‘未知環(huán)節(jié)’——每個細(xì)胞中含有數(shù)千蛋白‘工廠’加工所有建立組織和維持生命所必須的蛋白。他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅強(qiáng)迫分子生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)教科書的修訂，而且也為科學(xué)家提供較好的理解如何限制自由的細(xì)胞生長，如癌癥，也許通過控制核糖體的輸出來調(diào)節(jié)。這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表在6月23日的《Genes & Development》期刊上。

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Interferon disguises immune cells
Annette Oxenius' team of immunobiology professors now finds out what "colleagues from other departments" are preventing nk cells from killing the immune system: Healthy CD8 + T cells are able to detect immunocompetent substances Type 1 interferon, type 1 interferon By binding to specific surface receptors of these immune cells, their stress is hidden. In other words, type 1 interferons act as a camouflage cape so that immune cells are not seen by NK cells. If T cells lack type 1 interferon docking sites, they are killed by NK cells until they become extinct.
Using mice infected with both model viruses, the researchers found that if the animal's CD8 + T cells lacked these interferon receptors, not only did NK cells eliminate the virus-infected cells, but immune cells were also thought to have taken action that weakened Antiviral immune response.
Trained cell death signal
Researchers using mice that did not have any Type 1 interferon receptor on CD8 + T cells explored how the working mechanism works and how NK cells are depleted by CD8 + T cells lacking type 1 interferon. Without the existence of a natural killer, T-cells will continue to proliferate, mature, and develop despite the lack of interferon testing. In addition, immune biologists at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, found that these sensorless T cells evolved to form "labels" on their surface that, when contacted with NK cells, elicited NK cell killing. Thus, the expression of these "stress tags" is inhibited by interferon binding as well as signaling by interferon receptors on T cells. If signaling is blocked because of lack of receptors, the cells express large quantities of these stressors.
Mechanisms of autoimmune diseases?
So far, it is unclear whether human beings have the same mechanism. However, the basic process that the human immune system uses to protect T cells from NK cell challenge is likely to be similar. On the one hand, researchers now reveal that stressed T cells need a mechanism to protect themselves from attack by NK cells. On the other hand, this finding has led to new assumptions. For example, it is conceivable that T-cell activation, which lacks interferon receptors, shows that they are "stressed" and therefore killed. This may occur during the activation of autoimmune reactive T cells, for example, it typically occurs in the absence of high concentrations of type 1 interferons. Oxenius and her team are very interested in testing these exciting assumptions in the coming years.
Biologists at the University of California, San Diego discovered the 'unknown' part of the chemical system that produces ribosomes in animal cells - thousands of proteins in each cell. The 'factory' processes all the proteins necessary to build and sustain life. Their findings not only force the revision of basic textbooks in molecular biology, but also provide scientists with a better understanding of how to limit free cell growth, such as cancer, perhaps by controlling ribosomal output. The study was published in the June 23 issue of Genes & Development.

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