弓形蟲病是由一種剛地弓形蟲（Toxoplasma gondii）引起的人和動物的感染。弓形蟲屬于形體zui小、結構簡單的一類叫作原蟲的寄生蟲。貓和其他貓科動物是弓形蟲的終宿主，它寄生在這些動物的小腸上皮細胞內，形成囊合子（許多文章稱作“囊合子”，不夠準確）隨糞便排出，其他哺乳動物和鳥吃進去發生感染，在它們身體的組織內發育成為包囊。囊合子和包囊是弓形蟲的不同發育階段。雖然弓形蟲并不“挑剔”，但是除了終宿主以外，在其他動物體內只能進行無性繁殖，不能向外界散播它的后代。[] 弓形蟲屬頂端復合物亞門(subphylum Apicomplexa)，孢子蟲綱(clss sporozoasida)，真球蟲目(order Eucoccidiorida)，細胞內寄生性原蟲，其生活史中出現種形態，即滋養體(速殖子，tachyzoite);包囊(可長期存活于組織內)，呈圓形或橢圓形，直徑～μm，破裂后可釋出緩殖子，(bradyzoite);裂殖體;配子體和囊合子(oocyst)，前期為無性生殖，后期為有性生弓形蟲生活史的完成需雙宿主：在終宿主(貓與貓科動物)體內，上述種形成俱存;在中間宿主(包括禽類，哺乳類動物和人)體內則僅有無性生殖而無有性生殖，無性生殖常可造成全身感染，有性生殖僅在終宿主腸粘膜上皮細胞內發育造成局部感染，囊合子由貓糞排出，發育成熟后含二個孢子囊(sporocyst)，各含個子孢子(sporozoite)，在電鏡下子孢子的結構與滋養體相似，囊合子被貓舔食后。

Toxoplasmosis is an infection of humans and animals caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii belongs to a parasite called a protozoa with the smallest body and simple structure. Cats and other felines are the ultimate hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. They parasitize in the intestinal epithelial cells of these animals and form capsular oysters (many articles called "capsules", not accurate enough) are excreted with feces, other mammals and birds eat. Into the infection, they develop into cysts in their body tissues. Capsules and cysts are different stages of development of Toxoplasma gondii. Although Toxoplasma gondii is not “findling”, except for the final host, it can only reproduce asexually in other animals and cannot disseminate its offspring to the outside world. [] The subphylum Apicomplexa, the clss sporozoasida, the order Eucoccidiorida, and the intracellular parasitic protozoa of the Toxoplasma genus, have a morphological form in their life history, ie, trophozoites ( Tachyzoite); cysts (which can survive for a long period of time in tissues), round or elliptical, ～μm in diameter, and can release bradyzoites after rupture; schizonts; gametophytes and capsular zygotes (oocyst), asexual reproduction in the early stage, and completion of the life history of the sexual T. gondii in the later period require two hosts: in the final host (cats and felines), the above species are formed; in the intermediate host (including birds, breastfeeding) In animals and humans, there is only asexual reproduction and no sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction can often cause systemic infections. Sexual reproduction develops only in the terminal host's intestinal mucosal epithelial cells to cause local infection. The zygosae are excreted by cat feces. After ripening, it contained two sporocysts, each containing sporozoites. The structure of sporozoites was similar to that of trophozoites under the electron microscope. The capsules were eaten by cats.

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